Comparative genomics demonstrated that the chromosomes from bacteria and their viruses
(bacteriophages) are coevolving. This process is most evident for bacterial pathogens where …

Extracellular secretion of proteins is regarded as a major virulence mechanism in bacterial
infection. Proteins destined for the extracellular environment of gram-negative bacteria have …

Protein secretion systems are molecular nanomachines used by Gram-negative bacteria to
thrive within their environment. They are used to release enzymes that hydrolyze complex …

The type II secretion pathway or the main terminal branch of the general secretion pathway,
as it has also been referred to, is widely distributed among Proteobacteria, in which it is …

Enterotoxigenic Escherichia coli (ETEC) is an enteric pathogen that causes cholera-like
diarrhea in humans and animals. ETEC secretes a heat-labile enterotoxin (LT), which …

The tetraheme c-type cytochrome, CymA, from Shewanella oneidensis MR-1 has previously
been shown to be required for respiration with Fe (III), nitrate, and fumarate [Myers, CR, and …

Bacteria have evolved several secretory pathways to release proteins into the extracellular
medium. In Gram-negative bacteria, the exoproteins cross a cell envelope composed of two …

We report attempts to analyze interactions between components of the pullulanase (Pul)
secreton (type II secretion machinery) from Klebsiella oxytoca encoded by a multiple-copy …

Protein export by Gram-negative bacteria requires devoted machineries to allow for the
passage of hydrolytic enzymes and toxins through the cell envelope. The Type II export …

T-pilus biogenesis uses a conserved transmembrane nucleoprotein-and protein-transport
apparatus for the transport of cyclic T-pilin subunits to the Agrobacterium cell surface. T-pilin …