Since the identification in 1988 of bone morphogenetic protein 2 (BMP2) as a potent inducer
of bone and cartilage formation, BMP superfamily signalling has become one of the most …

Fibroblast growth factor (FGF) signaling pathways are essential regulators of vertebrate
skeletal development. FGF signaling regulates development of the limb bud and formation of …

Distant-acting tissue-specific enhancers, which regulate gene expression, vastly outnumber
protein-coding genes in mammalian genomes, but the functional importance of this …

The human embryo breaks symmetry to form the anterior-posterior axis of the body. As the
embryo elongates along this axis, progenitors in the tail bud give rise to tissues that …

The evolution of body shape is thought to be tightly coupled to changes in regulatory
sequences, but specific molecular events associated with major morphological transitions in …

During limb development, digits emerge from the undifferentiated mesenchymal tissue that
constitutes the limb bud. It has been proposed that this process is controlled by a self …

The requirement for vitamin A in reproduction was first recognized in the early 1900's, and its
importance in the eyes of developing embryos was realized shortly after. A greater …

Questions about how and why tissue regeneration occurs have captured the attention of
countless biologists, biomedical engineers and clinicians. Regenerative capacity differs …

The lateral plate mesoderm (LPM) forms the progenitor cells that constitute the heart and
cardiovascular system, blood, kidneys, smooth muscle lineage and limb skeleton in the …

Long-range gene regulation involves physical proximity between enhancers and promoters
to generate precise patterns of gene expression in space and time. However, in some cases …