A new scientific frontier opened in 2009 with the start of operations of the world's first x-ray
free-electron laser (FEL), the Linac Coherent Light Source (LCLS), at SLAC National …

This review is focused on free-electron lasers (FELs) in the hard to soft x-ray regime. The
aim is to provide newcomers to the area with insights into: the basic physics of FELs, the …

Excitation localization involving dynamic nanoscale distortions is a central aspect of
photocatalysis, quantum materials and molecular optoelectronics. Experimental …

Light-induced oxidation of water by photosystem II (PS II) in plants, algae and cyanobacteria
has generated most of the dioxygen in the atmosphere. PS II, a membrane-bound multi …

Photoinduced charge-transfer is an important process in nature and technology and is
responsible for the emergence of exotic functionalities, such as magnetic order for cyanide …

Many ultrafast solid phase transitions are treated as chemical reactions that transform the
structures between two different unit cells along a reaction coordinate, but this neglects the …

Abstract The Einstein-de Haas effect was originally observed in a landmark experiment
demonstrating that the angular momentum associated with aligned electron spins in a …

The interactions that lead to the emergence of superconductivity in iron-based materials
remain a subject of debate. It has been suggested that electron-electron correlations …

Direct manipulation of the atomic lattice using intense long-wavelength laser pulses has
become a viable approach to create new states of matter in complex materials …

X-ray crystallography at X-ray free-electron laser sources is a powerful method for studying
macromolecules at biologically relevant temperatures. Moreover, when combined with …