Abstract The Atmospheric Chemistry Suite (ACS) package is an element of the Russian
contribution to the ESA-Roscosmos ExoMars 2016 Trace Gas Orbiter (TGO) mission. ACS …

Astrobiology is the science that seeks to understand the story of life in our universe.
Astrobiology includes investigation of the conditions that are necessary for life to emerge …

Living systems produce more than 90% of Earth's atmospheric methane; the balance is of
geochemical origin. On Mars, methane could be a signature of either origin. Using high …

While grounded in the hard sciences of physics, chemistry, geology, and astronomy, as well
as well-accepted principles in the life sciences, astrobiology remains the most speculative of …

The Martian cryosphere is defined as that region of the crust where the temperature remains
continuously below the freezing point of water. Previous estimates of its present thickness …

One of the most puzzling aspects of Mars is that organics have not yet been found on the
surface. The simplest of organic molecules, methane, was detected in the Martian …

Recent spacecraft observations of the Martian atmosphere show that the current climate has
a distinct and generally repeatable pattern of seasonal and spatial variations. The half of the …

Previous studies of methane and higher hydrocarbon gases in Precambrian Shield rocks in
Canada and the Witwatersrand Basin of South Africa identified two major gas types …

A large number of spectra measured by the planetary Fourier spectrometer aboard the
European Mars Express mission have been studied to identify the average properties of …

Small amounts of methane have been detected in the atmosphere of Mars, though the actual
sources of the gas remain unknown. Thermodynamic conditions on Mars suggest that gas …