Exciting recent developments suggest that phase transitions represent an important and
ubiquitous mechanism underlying intracellular organization. We describe key experimental …

A guiding principle of biology is that biochemical reactions must be organized in space and
time. One way this spatio-temporal organization is achieved is through liquid–liquid phase …

Living cells are spatially organized by compartments that can nucleate, grow, and dissolve.
Compartmentalization can emerge by phase separation, leading to the formation of droplets …

Phase separation is the thermodynamic process that explains how droplets form in
multicomponent fluids. These droplets can provide controlled compartments to localize …

A surge in research focused on understanding the physical principles governing the
formation, properties, and function of membraneless compartments has occurred over the …

Biomolecular condensates constitute a newly recognized form of spatial organization in
living cells. Although many condensates are believed to form as a result of phase …

Biological mixtures such as the cytosol may consist of thousands of distinct components.
There is now a substantial body of evidence showing that, under physiological conditions …

Phase separation has emerged as an essential concept for the spatial organization inside
biological cells. However, despite the clear relevance to virtually all physiological functions …

Multicomponent systems are ubiquitous in nature and industry. While the physics of few-
component liquid mixtures (ie, binary and ternary ones) is well-understood and routinely …

Intracellular condensates are highly multi-component systems in which complex phase
behaviour can ensue, including the formation of architectures comprising multiple …