Today, routine doping controls largely rely on testing whole blood, serum, and urine
samples. These matrices allow comprehensively covering inorganic as well as low and high …

Anabolic androgenic steroids (AASs) are synthetic substances derived from testosterone,
whose use in sports is prohibited. This review underlines the advantages and the drawbacks …

In humans, conjugation with glucuronic acid is the most important phase II metabolic
reaction of steroidal compounds. Glucuronoconjugated metabolites have been …

So far, in sports drug testing compounds of different classes are processed and measured
using different screening procedures. The constantly increasing number of samples in …

Anabolic androgenic steroids are synthetic substances related to the male sex hormones
(androgens). These agents promote the growth of skeletal muscle (anabolic effects) and the …

Methyltestosterone (MT) is one of the most frequently detected anabolic androgenic steroids
in doping control analysis. MT misuse is commonly detected by the identification of its two …

The study of the metabolism of steroids has a long history; from the first characterizations of
the major metabolites of steroidal hormones in the pre-chromatographic era, to the latest …

Metandienone is one of the most frequently detected anabolic androgenic steroids in sports
drug testing. Metandienone misuse is commonly detected by monitoring different …

Steroid hormones (SHs) have received widespread attention in recent years. However,
current studies of SHs have primarily focused on estrogenic substances, with androgen …

The study of urinary phase II sulfate metabolites is central to understanding the role and fate
of endogenous and exogenous compounds in biological systems. This study describes a …