Antigen receptor gene loci are among the most complex in mammals. The IgH locus,
encoding the immunoglobulin heavy chain (IgH) in B-lineage cells, undergoes major …

Humans and mice separated more than 60 million years ago. Since then, evolution has led
to a multitude of changes in their genomic sequences. The divergence of genes has resulted …

Females often exhibit superior immune responses compared to males toward vaccines and
pathogens such as influenza viruses and SARS-CoV-2. To help explain these differences …

Nuclear hormone receptors including the estrogen receptor (ERα) and the retinoic acid
receptor regulate a plethora of biological functions including reproduction, circulation and …

Transcriptional regulation of the murine immunoglobulin (Ig) heavy chain gene (Igh)
involves several regulatory elements including the 3′ Igh regulatory region (3′ Igh RR) …

The escalation of Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) has required the development of
safe and effective vaccines against the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 …

One gene, the immunoglobulin heavy chain (IgH) gene, is responsible for the expression of
all the different antibody isotypes. Transcriptional regulation of the IgH gene is complex and …

The enhancer DNase-hypersensitive region 1, 2 (HS1, 2), a member of the Ig heavy-chain
3′ regulatory region (3′ RR) cluster, is active in human B cells transfected with reporter …

Abstract Background The Immunoglobulin heavy chain (IgH) 3'Regulatory Region (3'RR),
located at the 3'of the constant alpha gene, plays a crucial role in immunoglobulin …

Ig heavy chain (Igh) transcription involves several regulatory elements including the 3′ Igh
regulatory region (3′ IghRR). 3′ IghRR activity is modulated by several transcription …