This review article discusses the effects of inorganic content and mechanisms on raw
biomass and char during gasification. The impacts of the inherent inorganics and externally …

Olive stones obtained as a by-product from olive oil extraction in combination with the
favourable climate in Mediterranean countries are value-added feedstocks for the energy …

Torrefaction or hydrothermal carbonization processes were compared for conversion of olive
pulp into metallurgical reducing agent. The dependence of yield, CO 2 reactivity, and …

The influence of torrefaction on the physicochemical characteristics of char during raw and
water washed rice straw pyrolysis at 800–1200° C is investigated. Pore structure, aromaticity …

Abstract A CFD-DEM model already developed by the authors has been extended to directly
compare the gasification performances between raw and torrefied grassy biomasses in an …

This study investigated the effects of torrefaction temperatures and dilute acid pretreatment
on the quality of pyrolysis bio-oil and the distribution toward gaseous, liquid bio-oil, and char …

This study investigated the combustion behaviour of single pulverized biomass and lignite
coal particles under high temperature–high heating rate conditions. Selected fuels included …

Abstract Biomass (pellets, briquettes, logs) are a key contributor to many countries'
strategies for decarbonising heat, particularly in domestic applications. The emissions from …

Fuel pretreatment is a type of thermal treatment that enhances biomass properties. This
study investigates the impact of different pretreatment methods (torrefaction and ashless …

Torrefaction is an efficient pretreatment technology for large-scale and high-value utilization
of biomass fuel. To understand the effects of torrefaction pretreatment on the …