Inspired by physically adaptive, agile, reconfigurable and multifunctional soft-bodied
animals and human muscles, soft actuators have been developed for a variety of …

Fiber materials are highly desirable for wearable electronics that are expected to be flexible
and stretchable. Compared with rigid and planar electronic devices, fiber-based wearable …

Helical structures are ubiquitous in nature and impart unique mechanical properties and
multifunctionality. So far, synthetic architectures that mimic these natural systems have been …

Fibers capable of generating axial contraction are commonly seen in nature and
engineering applications. Despite the broad applications of fiber actuators, it is still very …

Soft robotics inspired by the movement of living organisms, with excellent adaptability and
accuracy for accomplishing tasks, are highly desirable for efficient operations and safe …

Textiles have emerged as a promising class of materials for developing wearable robots that
move and feel like everyday clothing. Textiles represent a favorable material platform for …

The area of artificial muscle is a highly interdisciplinary field of research that has evolved
rapidly in the last 30 years. Recent advances in nanomaterial fabrication and …

Artificial muscles may accelerate the development of robotics, haptics, and prosthetics.
Although advances in polymer-based actuators have delivered unprecedented strengths …

Carbon nanotube functional materials (CNTFMs) represent an important research field in
transforming nanoscience and nanotechnology into practical applications, with potential …

Liquid crystal elastomers (LCEs) are a class of soft active materials of increasing interest,
because of their excellent actuation and optical performances. While LCEs show biomimetic …