Multivalent proteins and nucleic acids, collectively referred to as multivalent associative
biomacromolecules, provide the driving forces for the formation and compositional …

One of still outstanding issues in protein folding is to be able to directly observe structural
changes occurring along the folding pathway. Herein, we report on changes of the …

The advent of atomic force microscopy, along with optical tweezers, ushered in a new field of
single molecule force spectroscopy, wherein the response of a single protein or a …

The phase separation of biomolecules into biomolecular condensates has emerged as a
ubiquitous cellular process. Understanding how intrinsically disordered protein sequence …

In many organisms, cell division is driven by the constriction of a cytokinetic ring, which
consists of actin filaments and crosslinking proteins. While it has long been believed that the …