Popular consensus has long been that if" enough women" are present in political institutions
they will represent" women's interests." Yet many believe that differences among women …

Ethnic minority women tend to be better represented in parliaments than ethnic minority
men. What does this mean for their substantive representation? This article makes use of …

How do the media describe the intersectional identities of elected politicians? Our study
focuses on parliamentarians in the Netherlands who fall outside the prevailing norm in …

This study investigates the subjective effects of gender quotas by examining how quotas
affect party elites' perceptions of quota beneficiaries. Furthermore, it proposes to distinguish …

How do electoral rules shape the substantive representation of traditionally
underrepresented groups? Using an original dataset of introduced and passed bills in the …

This article introduces a theoretical model that shows how four mechanisms (work–life
balance, psychological, gatekeeper bias and diversity mechanisms) explain why pursuing a …

This paper examines how Members of Parliament (MPs) in Germany and New Zealand (NZ),
two countries with a similar Mixed Member Proportional (MMP) electoral system, define their …

While it is axiomatic to note how ethnic minorities and women are both politically
underrepresented in Western Europe, the interaction between ethnicity and gender in …

Candidate selection shapes descriptive representation in important ways; you cannot be
elected without first being selected. Unravelling opaque candidate selection processes is …

Most democracies fail to provide equal representation and tend to have an
overrepresentation of men from the upper class and the majority racial or ethnic group. We …