Structural color materials have existed in nature for millions of years. Natural polymers
constitute biological structural colors and provide an excellent resource for fabricating …

Light influences most ecosystems on earth, from sun-dappled forests to bioluminescent
creatures in the ocean deep. Biologists have long studied nano-and micro-scale organismal …

Keratin is a highly multifunctional biopolymer serving various roles in nature due to its
diverse material properties, wide spectrum of structural designs, and impressive …

Some of the most varied colors in the natural world are created by iridescent nanostructures
in bird feathers, formed by layers of melanin-containing melanosomes. The morphology of …

The blue neck and breast feathers of the peacock are structurally coloured due to an
intricate photonic crystal structure in the barbules consisting of a two-dimensionally ordered …

Highlights•Diversity of avian structural coloration and underlying nanostructures is
presented.•Structural colors in skin are specified by regulation of collagen fibrillogenesis.• …

Structural colours and superwettability are of great interest due to their unique
characteristics. However, the application of materials with either structural colours or …

Vivid colours found in living organisms are often the result of scattering from hierarchical
nanostructures, where the interplay between order and disorder in their packing defines …

Iridescent colours are colours that change with viewing or illumination geometry. While they
are widespread in many living organisms, most evolutionary studies on iridescence do not …

Certain animals exhibit a special dorsoventral pattern with a lighter ventral side compared to
the dorsal one and this phenomenon was preserved in the long-term evolution process …