Adding α, α-disubstituted and β-linked monomers to the genetic code of an organism

DL Dunkelmann, C Piedrafita, A Dickson, KC Liu… - Nature, 2024 - nature.com
The genetic code of living cells has been reprogrammed to enable the site-specific
incorporation of hundreds of non-canonical amino acids into proteins, and the encoded …

Direct and quantitative analysis of tRNA acylation using intact tRNA liquid chromatography–mass spectrometry

R Fricke, I Knudson, CV Swenson, S Smaga… - Nature …, 2025 - nature.com
Aminoacyl-tRNA synthetases (aaRSs) provide an essential functional link between an
mRNA sequence and the protein it encodes. aaRS enzymes catalyze a two-step chemical …

Recent advances in the expanding genetic code

ML Pigula, PG Schultz - Current Opinion in Chemical Biology, 2024 - Elsevier
For over a billion years, the central dogma of biology has been limited largely to 20
canonical amino acids with relatively simple functionalities. The ability to rationally add new …

β-amino acids reduce ternary complex stability and alter the translation elongation mechanism

FA Cruz-Navarrete, WC Griffin, YC Chan… - ACS Central …, 2024 - ACS Publications
Templated synthesis of proteins containing non-natural amino acids (nnAAs) promises to
expand the chemical space available to biological therapeutics and materials, but existing …

Incorporation of Multiple β2-Hydroxy Acids into a Protein In Vivo Using an Orthogonal Aminoacyl-tRNA Synthetase

NX Hamlish, AM Abramyan, B Shah, Z Zhang… - ACS Central …, 2024 - ACS Publications
The programmed synthesis of sequence-defined biomaterials whose monomer backbones
diverge from those of canonical α-amino acids represents the next frontier in protein and …