Inspired by shape‐morphing organisms in nature, researchers have developed various
hydrogels with stimuli‐responsive swelling, shrinking, bending, folding, origami, rolling …

Abstract Development of polymer-based smart materials, which can autonomously alter their
physical and/or chemical properties when exposed to external stimuli, is a thriving research …

Polymeric hydrogel actuators refer to intelligent stimuli‐responsive hydrogels that could
reversibly deform upon the trigger of various external stimuli. They have thus aroused …

Over the last decades, the fabrication of 3D tissues has become commonplace in tissue
engineering and regenerative medicine. However, conventional 3D biofabrication …

Functional materials have spurred the advancement of soft robotics with the potential to
perform safe interactions and adaptative functions in unstructured environments. The …

Natural evolution has provided multicellular organisms with sophisticated functionalities and
repair mechanisms for surviving and preserve their functions after an injury and/or infection …

In many animals, the bonding of tendon and cartilage to bone is extremely tough (for
example, interfacial toughness∼ 800 J m− 2; refs,), yet such tough interfaces have not been …

Materials which adjust their properties in response to environmental factors such as
temperature, pH and ionic strength are rapidly evolving and known as smart materials …

Hydrogel adhesion inherently relies on engineering the contact surface at soft and hydrated
interfaces. Upon contact, adhesion normally occurs through the formation of chemical or …

Over the past decade, the area of stretchable inorganic electronics has evolved very rapidly,
in part because the results have opened up a series of unprecedented applications with …