Frequency modulation (FM) spectroscopy: theory of lineshapes and signal-to-noise analysis

GC Bjorklund, MD Levenson, W Lenth, C Ortiz - Applied Physics B, 1983 - Springer
Frequency modulation (FM) spectroscopy is a new method of optical heterodyne
spectroscopy capable of sensitive and rapid measurement of the absorption or dispersion …

Modulation transfer processes in optical heterodyne saturation spectroscopy

JH Shirley - Optics Letters, 1982 - opg.optica.org
Transfer of modulation from a phase-modulated laser beam to an unmodulated, oppositely
running beam occurs in a sufficiently nonlinear resonant gaseous medium. Two …

Modulation transfer spectroscopy in atomic rubidium

DJ McCarron, SA King, SL Cornish - Measurement science and …, 2008 - iopscience.iop.org
We report modulation transfer spectroscopy on the D2 transitions in 85 Rb and 87 Rb using
a simple home-built electro-optic modulator (EOM). We show that both the gradient and …

Optical heterodyne saturation spectroscopy

JL Hall, L Hollberg, T Baer, HG Robinson - Applied Physics Letters, 1981 - pubs.aip.org
We discuss a refined, hybrid rfloptical technique for studying sub-Doppler saturated
absorption/dispersion resonances with excellent precision and symmetry. Sensitivity is …

Compact 459-nm Cs Cell Optical Frequency Standard with Short-Term Stability

J Miao, T Shi, J Zhang, J Chen - Physical Review Applied, 2022 - APS
We achieve a compact optical frequency standard with an extended cavity diode laser
locked to the 459-nm 6 S 1/2-7 P 1/2 transition of thermal 133 Cs atoms in a ϕ 10 mm× 50 …

[HTML][HTML] Frequency-stabilized Faraday laser with 10− 14 short-term instability for atomic clocks

P Chang, H Shi, J Miao, T Shi, D Pan, B Luo… - Applied Physics …, 2022 - pubs.aip.org
In this Letter, stabilizing a Faraday laser frequency to the atomic transition is proposed and
experimentally demonstrated, where the Faraday laser can work at single-or dual-frequency …

Heterodyne saturation spectroscopy through frequency modulation of the saturating beam

G Camy, CJ Bordé, M Ducloy - Optics Communications, 1982 - Elsevier
We present a new spectroscopic method to detect saturated absorption signals. Its principle
lies in a high frequency modulation of the saturation beam and a detection of the induced …

Frequency stabilization of a Cesium Faraday laser with a double-layer vapor cell as frequency reference

H Shi, P Chang, Z Wang, Z Liu, T Shi… - IEEE Photonics …, 2022 - ieeexplore.ieee.org
We implement a compact optical frequency standard at the wavelength of 852 nm by the
modulation transfer spectroscopy (MTS) technique, using a Faraday laser as the local …

Doppler-free spectroscopy using magnetically induced dichroism of atomic vapor: a new scheme for laser frequency locking

T Petelski, M Fattori, G Lamporesi, J Stuhler… - The European Physical …, 2003 - Springer
We demonstrate a Doppler-free spectroscopic method that we test on 87 Rb and 85 Rb
vapor. By using a magnetic field to induce a dichroism on the sample, we generate a …

Laser with 10−13 short-term instability for compact optically pumped cesium beam atomic clock

H Shang, T Zhang, J Miao, T Shi, D Pan, X Zhao… - Optics express, 2020 - opg.optica.org
We realize a high-stability laser by modulation transfer spectroscopy and apply it to
implement a high-performance compact optically pumped cesium beam atomic clock …