Degradation, damage evolution, and fatigue models in the literature for various engineering
materials, mostly metals and composites, are reviewed. For empirical models established …

Solder joints play a critical role in electronic devices by providing electrical, mechanical and
thermal interconnections. These miniature joints are also the weakest links in an electronic …

Ball grid array (BGA) packages have increasing applications in mobile phones, disk drives,
LC displays and automotive engine controllers. However, the thermo-mechanical reliability …

Mechanics from its side and thermodynamics from its side consider evolution of complex
systems, including the Universe. Created classical thermodynamic theory of evolution has …

Formulated is a new instantaneous fatigue model and predictor based on ab initio
irreversible thermodynamics. The method combines the first and second laws of …

This work is devoted to modeling plastic deformation and microcrack-induced damage in
quasi-brittle rocks under compression-dominating stresses. At the microscopic scale, a set of …

Reliability of solder joints under Electromigration (EM) and Thermomigration (TM) has drawn
increasing attention in recent years, however current understanding regarding degradation …

Background The damage and failure behavior of ductile metals depends on the stress state
as well as on the loading history. Biaxial experiments with suitable specimens can be used …

This paper presents a scientific basis for the description of the causes of damage within an
irreversible thermodynamic framework and the effects of damage as observable variables …

Fatigue in any material is a result of continuous irreversible degradation process.
Traditionally, fatigue life is predicted by extrapolating experimentally curve fitted empirical …