Cancers develop due to the accumulation of genetic and epigenetic alterations. Genetic
alterations are induced by aging, mutagenic chemicals, ultraviolet light, and other factors; …

Since the first publication on Somatic Mutation Theory of Aging (Szilárd, 1959), a great
volume of knowledge in the field has been accumulated. Here we attempted to organize the …

The germline mutation rate has been extensively studied and has been found to vary greatly
between species, but much less is known about the somatic mutation rate in multicellular …

Plasmids comprising transgene insertions in four lines of transgenic mice have been
retrieved by plasmid rescue into a set of Escherichia coli strains with mutations in different …

Hayes' Principles and Methods of Toxicology has long been established as a reliable and
informative reference for the concepts, methodologies, and assessments integral to …

Publisher Summary Escherichia coli is a universal host organism both for molecular cloning
of DNA and for a diverse set of assays involving clones genes. This chapter discusses the …

Genome instability has long been implicated as the main causal factor in aging. Somatic
cells are continuously exposed to various sources of DNA damage, from reactive oxygen …

Damage to the repository of genetic information in cells has plagued life since its very
beginning 3–4 billion years ago. Initially, in the absence of an ozone layer, especially …

PPARα, β/δ, and γ regulate genes involved in the control of lipid metabolism and
inflammation and are expressed in all major cell types of atherosclerotic lesions. In vitro …

DNA mutations as a consequence of errors during DNA damage repair, replication, or
mitosis are the substrate for evolution. In multicellular organisms, mutations can occur in the …