The innate immune system in insects is composed of a large variety of specific and non‐
specific responses that are activated in response to the presence of foreign agents. One …

Within populations, individuals often show repeatable variation in behaviour, called 'animal
personality'. In the last few decades, numerous empirical studies have attempted to …

Employing the clear, student-friendly style that made previous editions so popular, Insect
Physiology and Biochemistry, Fourth Edition presents an engaging and authoritative guide …

Within odonates, male mating patterns range from active mate search to long-term territorial
defence of oviposition sites. In territorial species, males may use three mating tactics or …

Hormones are key factors in determining the response of organisms to their environment.
For example, the juvenile hormone (JH) coordinates the insects' development, reproduction …

We investigated an ornamental trait known to reflect male fighting ability and tested whether
it shows heightened condition dependence compared with nonornamental traits in the …

The field of ecological immunology currently relies on using a number of immune effectors or
markers. These markers are usually used to infer ecological trade-offs (via conflicts in …

In insects, the innate immune system is subdivided into cellular and humoral defenses.
When parasitoids attack insects, both reactions can be activated and notably, the …

Under natural selection, wing shape is expected to evolve to optimize flight performance.
However, other selective factors besides flight performance may influence wing shape. One …

Environmental temperature has important effects on the physiology and life history of
ectothermic animals, including investment in the immune system and the infectious capacity …