Various types of long-term stable relationships that individuals uphold, including
cooperation and competition between group members, define social complexity in …

Simple Summary Ensuring appropriate animal welfare to promote wildlife conservation is a
top priority of modern zoos, leading to greater effort to improve welfare monitoring …

While the international zoological community is committed to enhancing the welfare of
individual animals, researchers have yet to take full advantage of the tools available for non …

Research with humans and other animals suggests that walking benefits physical health.
Perhaps because these links have been demonstrated in other species, it has been …

Simple Summary In the wild, elephants live in large, complex social groups. Herds consist of
a mixed structure of related females and their calves. One area of concern regarding the …

Understanding the affiliative social relationships, or bonds, between zoo elephants has
implications for both their welfare and management, yet there is limited work assessing and …

The combined use of global positioning system (GPS) technology and motion sensors within
the discipline of movement ecology has increased over recent years. This is particularly the …

Wildlife is under threat from various kinds of human activities, such as habitat destruction,
illegal wildlife trade, spread of invasive species and diseases, and from the human impact …

Highlights•Central American river turtles formed groups and frequently moved
together.•Groups were nonrandom and not explicable by habitat, food or mating …

In this chapter, we first consider how researchers identify friendships in various taxa, then
review the ultimate benefits of friendships; discuss their maintenance, restoration, and …