Calcium ions function as a key second messenger ion in eukaryotes. Spatially and
temporally defined cytoplasmic Ca2+ signals are shaped through the concerted activity of …

Calcium is an essential element needed for growth and development of plants under both
non-stressed and stress conditions. It thereby fulfills a dual function, being not only an …

Perception of biotic and abiotic stresses often leads to stomatal closure in plants,. Rapid
influx of calcium ions (Ca2+) across the plasma membrane has an important role in this …

Plants encounter a myriad of microorganisms, particularly at the root–soil interface, that can
invade with detrimental or beneficial outcomes. Prevalent beneficial associations between …

Receptor-like kinases (RLKs) and Receptor-like proteins (RLPs) play crucial roles in plant
immunity, growth, and development. Plants deploy a large number of RLKs and RLPs as …

Plants solely rely on innate immunity of each individual cell to deal with a diversity of
microbes in the environment. Extracellular recognition of microbe‐and host damage …

Plants have evolved multiple defense strategies to cope with pathogens, among which plant
immune signaling that relies on cell‐surface localized and intracellular receptors takes …

Recognition of microbe-associated molecular patterns (MAMPs) is crucial for the plant's
immune response. How this sophisticated perception system can be usefully deployed in …

The transient elevation of cytoplasmic calcium is essential for pathogen-associated
molecular pattern (PAMP)-triggered immunity (PTI). However, the calcium channels …

Plants launch a concerted immune response to dampen potential infections upon sensing
microbial pathogen and insect invasions. The transient and rapid elevation of the cytosolic …