Extracellular nucleotides and nucleosides mediate diverse signaling effects in virtually all
organs and tissues. Most models of purinergic signaling depend on functional interactions …

After identification of fibroblast growth factor (FGF) 23 as the pivotal regulator of chronic
serum inorganic phosphate (Pi) levels, the etiology of disorders causing hypophosphatemic …

Highlights•Pyrophosphate prevents unwanted calcification making it the body's natural
'water-softener'.•The breakdown of ATP released from cells represents a key source of …

Mitochondria are crucial bioenergetics powerhouses and biosynthetic hubs within cells,
which can generate and sequester toxic reactive oxygen species (ROS) in response to …

Ectonucleotidases are key for purinergic signaling. They control the duration of activity of
purinergic receptor agonists. At the same time, they produce hydrolysis products as …

The human cardiovascular system is a complex arrangement of specialized structures with
distinct functions. The molecular landscape, including the genome, transcriptome and …

Carbohydrates, fats, and proteins are the underlying energy sources for animals and are
catabolized through specific biochemical cascades involving numerous enzymes. The …

Abstract Purpose of Review In addition to the actions of the endocrine hormone, 1alpha, 25-
dihydroxyvitamin D (1, 25 (OH) 2 D) in stimulating intestinal calcium absorption, the …

Pathological (ectopic) mineralization of soft tissues occurs during aging, in several common
conditions such as diabetes, hypercholesterolemia, and renal failure and in certain genetic …

Ecto-nucleotide pyrophosphatase/phosphodiesterase 1 (NPP1, EC 3.1. 4.1) is a
metalloenzyme that belongs to the NPP family, which comprises seven subtypes (NPP1-7) …