Ocular diseases seriously affect patients' vision and life quality, with a global morbidity of
over 43 million blindness. However, efficient drug delivery to treat ocular diseases …

Effective intraocular drug delivery poses a major challenge due to the presence of various
elimination mechanisms and physiological barriers that result in low ocular bioavailability …

Research in the development of ophthalmic drug formulations and innovative technologies
over the past few decades has been directed at improving the penetration of medications …

The eye is a distinctive organ with protective anatomy and physiology. Several
pharmacokinetics compartment models of ocular drug delivery have been developed for …

Dry eye disease (DED) is one of the most common ocular surface disorders characterised by
a deficiency in quality and/or quantity of the tear fluid. Due to its multifactorial nature …

Cyclodextrins (CD s) are recognized as promising pharmaceutical excipients due to their
unique ability to form water‐soluble inclusion complexes with various poorly soluble …

Cyclosporine is an immunomodulatory drug commonly used for the treatment of mild-to-
severe dry eye syndrome as well as intermediate and posterior segment diseases as uveitis …

Wound healing is a multifarious and vibrant process of replacing devitalized and damaged
cellular structures, leading to restoration of the skin's barrier function, re-establishment of …

Water solubility is a key parameter in drug formulation since it highly influences drug
pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics. In the past decades, the challenge with poorly …

Local ocular delivery of cyclosporine A (CsA) is the preferred method for CsA delivery as a
treatment for ocular inflammatory diseases such as uveitis, corneal healing, vernal …