Lithium has been used for the treatment of bipolar disorder (BD) for the last sixty or more
years, and recent studies with more reliable designs and updated guidelines have …

Bipolar disorder is a decidedly heterogeneous and multifactorial disease, with a high
individual and societal burden. While not all patients display overt markers of elevated …

Background Bipolar disorder phenomenologically is a biphasic disorder of energy
availability; increased in mania and decreased in depression. In consort, there is …

Lithium is the most effective and well established treatment for bipolar disorder, and it has a
broad array of effects within cellular pathways. However, the specific processes through …

The objective of this study was to evaluate the relationship between subclinical
hypothyroidism (SCH) and depression. We also analysed the effect of levothyroxine (L-T4) …

Since its discovery, Wnt signaling has been shown to be one of the most crucial
morphogens in development and during the maturation of central nervous system. Its action …

In recent years, there has been a significant increase in depression, which is related to,
among other things, the COVID-19 pandemic. Depression can be fatal if not treated or if …

Depression and anxiety are comorbid conditions in many neurological or
psychopathological disorders. Stress is an underlying event that triggers development of …

The neurobiology of bipolar disorder, a chronic and systemic ailment is not completely
understood. The bipolar phenotype manifests in myriad ways, and psychopharmacological …

Metabolic disease subclinical hypothyroidism (SCH) is closely associated with depression-
like behavior both in human and animal studies, and our previous studies have identified the …