Abstract The coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic, caused by severe acute
respiratory syndrome coronavirus (SARS-CoV)-2, continues to cause substantial morbidity …

The role of T cells in the resolution or exacerbation of COVID-19, as well as their potential to
provide long-term protection from reinfection with SARS-CoV-2, remains debated …

Children and adolescents exhibit a broad range of clinical outcomes from SARS-CoV-2
infection, with the majority having minimal to mild symptoms. Additionally, some succumb to …

Influenza viruses cause annual epidemics and occasional pandemics of respiratory tract
infections that produce a wide spectrum of clinical disease severity in humans. The novel …

Cytokine storm syndrome (CSS) has generally been described as a collection of clinical
manifestations resulting from an overactivated immune system. Cytokine storms (CSs) are …

COVID-19 can result in severe disease characterized by significant immunopathology that is
spurred by an exuberant, yet dysregulated, innate immune response with a poor adaptive …

The lungs are constantly exposed to inhaled debris, allergens, pollutants, commensal or
pathogenic microorganisms, and respiratory viruses. As a result, innate and adaptive …

SARS-CoV-2 infection can cause severe respiratory COVID-19. However, many individuals
present with isolated upper respiratory symptoms, suggesting potential to constrain viral …

The COVID-19 pandemic caused by the Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus-2
(SARS-CoV-2) poses an unprecedented challenge to humanity. SARS-CoV-2 infections …

Summary Severe coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) is characterized by overproduction
of immune mediators, but the role of interferons (IFNs) of the type I (IFN-I) or type III (IFN-III) …