OBJECT Brainstem surgery remains a challenge for the neurosurgeon despite recent
improvements in neuroimaging, microsurgical techniques, and electrophysiological …

Introduction Encephaloceles are considered by most to be a type of neural tube defect
characterized by a herniation of the brain and meninges through structural weaknesses in …

The use of magnetic fields and field gradients to move magnetic material and devices within
the human body has a surprisingly long history. Over the past two decades, there has been …

Epilepsy is a heterogeneous disorder, the symptoms of which are preventable and
controllable to some extent. Significant inter-and intra-country differences in incidence and …

Recent advances in machine learning models allowed robots to identify objects on a
perceptual nonsymbolic level (eg, through sensor fusion and natural language …

Purpose: The authors present and evaluate a new preoperative planning method and
computer software designed to reduce the risk of candidate trajectories for straight rigid tool …

Introduction Meningiomas of the anterior skull base show specific characteristics, which
render them difficult to handle. These tumors include olfactory groove, supra-and parasellar …

Ancient Egyptians were pioneers in many fields, including medicine and surgery. Our
modern knowledge of anatomy, pathology, and surgical techniques stems from discoveries …

Robot-assisted surgical systems have demonstrated significant potential in enhancing
surgical precision and minimizing human errors. However, existing systems cannot …

Brain tumors affecting the orbitand orbital tumors affecting the brain are a heterogeneous
group of lesions, with histological features, behaviors, diagnostic criteria, and treatments …