Studies in neurodegenerative diseases, including Alzheimer's disease, Parkinson's disease
and Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis, Huntington's disease, and so on, have suggested that …

Microglia are the resident macrophages of the central nervous system (CNS) acting as the
first line of defense in the brain by phagocytosing harmful pathogens and cellular debris …

The neurotransmitter dopamine is a key factor in central nervous system (CNS) function,
regulating many processes including reward, movement, and cognition. Dopamine also …

Microglia activation is observed in various neurodegenerative diseases. Recent advances in
single-cell technologies have revealed that these reactive microglia were with high spatial …

Background Parkinson's disease (PD) is the second most prevalent neurodegenerative
disorder, characterized by motor and non-motor symptoms, significantly affecting patients' …

According to emerging studies, the excessive activation of microglia and the subsequent
release of pro-inflammatory cytokines play important roles in the pathogenesis and …

Parkinson's disease (PD) is a neurodegenerative disorder where alpha-synuclein plays a
central role in the death and dysfunction of neurons, both, in central, as well as in the …

Microglia represent a specialized population of macrophages-like cells in the central
nervous system (CNS) considered immune sentinels that are capable of orchestrating a …

With the world's population ageing, the incidence of Parkinson's disease (PD) is on the rise.
In recent years, inflammatory processes have emerged as prominent contributors to the …

Abstract Development of central nervous system (CNS) is regulated by both intrinsic and
peripheral signals. Previous studies have suggested that environmental factors affect …