Salinity is one of the major abiotic factors threatening food security worldwide. Recently, our
understanding of early processes underlying salinity tolerance has expanded. In this review …

Salt tolerance is an important economic trait for crops growing in both irrigated fields and
marginal lands. The plant kingdom contains plant species that possess highly distinctive …

Soil and water salinity substantially constrain crop and biomass production. Research over
the last two plus decades, facilitated by advances in molecular genetics and biotechnology …

Intracellular NHX proteins are Na+, K+/H+ antiporters involved in K+ homeostasis,
endosomal pH regulation, and salt tolerance. Proteins NHX1 and NHX2 are the two major …

Abstract Intracellular Na+/H+ (NHX) antiporters have important roles in cellular pH and Na+,
K+ homeostasis. The six Arabidopsis thaliana intracellular NHX members are divided into …

Potassium (K+) and nitrogen (N) are essential nutrients, and their absorption and distribution
within the plant must be coordinated for optimal growth and development. Potassium is …

Highlights•Ion and pH homeostasis are critical for plant growth and stress responses.•NHX-
type Na+/H+ antiporters (NHXs) are H+-coupled cation exchangers.•NHXs control cellular …

Abstract Intracellular Na+/H+ antiporters (NHXs) play important roles in cellular pH and Na+
and K+ homeostasis in all eukaryotes. Based on sequence similarity, the six intracellular …

Plants remodel their cells through the dynamic endomembrane system. Intracellular pH is
important for membrane trafficking, but the determinants of pH homeostasis are poorly …

NHX‐type antiporters in the tonoplast have been reported to increase the salt tolerance of
various plants species, and are thought to mediate the compartmentation of Na+ in …