Collagen is the oldest and most abundant extracellular matrix protein that has found many
applications in food, cosmetic, pharmaceutical, and biomedical industries. First, an overview …

Hydrogels have been widely explored to adapt to different application circumstances. As
typical wet‐soft materials, the high‐water content of hydrogels is beneficial to their wide …

Biological tissues generally exhibit excellent anisotropic mechanical properties owing to
their well‐developed microstructures. Inspired by the aligned structure in muscles, a highly …

Hydrogels are able to mimic the flexibility of biological tissues or skin, but they still cannot
achieve satisfactory strength and toughness, greatly limiting their scope of application …

In the human body, many soft tissues with hierarchically ordered composite structures, such
as cartilage, skeletal muscle, the corneas, and blood vessels, exhibit highly anisotropic …

New experimental results on collagen fibre dispersion in human arterial layers have shown
that the dispersion in the tangential plane is more significant than that out of plane. A …

Artificial muscles are promising as an intelligent material that can replace conventional
power systems to reproduce the motion of a living organism. Among various building …

Hydrogels have blossomed as superstars in various fields, owing to their prospective
applications in tissue engineering, soft electronics and sensors, flexible energy storage, and …

Tendon injuries represent a significant clinical burden on healthcare systems worldwide. As
the human population ages and the life expectancy increases, tendon injuries will become …

Recent studies have shown that alterations in corneal biomechanical properties are
associated with corneal pathologies, particularly corneal ectasia. Moreover, these …