Narcolepsy is a rare brain disorder that reflects a selective loss or dysfunction of orexin (also
known as hypocretin) neurons of the lateral hypothalamus. Narcolepsy type 1 (NT1) is …

The aim of this European initiative is to facilitate a structured discussion to improve the next
edition of the International Classification of Sleep Disorders (ICSD), particularly the chapter …

Idiopathic hypersomnia is a sleep disorder of neurologic origin characterized by excessive
daytime sleepiness, with sleep inertia, long, unrefreshing naps, and prolonged nighttime …

This article addresses the clinical presentation, diagnosis, pathophysiology and
management of narcolepsy type 1 and 2, with a focus on recent findings. A low level of …

The orexins, also known as hypocretins, are two neuropeptides (orexin A and B or
hypocretin 1 and 2) produced by a few thousand neurons located in the lateral …

Summary Narcolepsy type 1 (NT1) is a lifelong disorder of sleep-wake dysregulation defined
by clinical symptoms, neurophysiological findings, and low hypocretin levels. Besides a role …

The classification of the central disorders of hypersomnolence has undergone multiple
iterations in an attempt to capture biologically meaningful disease entities in the absence of …

The Epworth sleepiness scale (ESS) is a commonly used questionnaire to evaluate patients
for excessive daytime sleepiness (EDS). The ESS has been validated as a measure of EDS …

Background: Narcolepsy is a chronic and lifelong neurologic disorder with onset commonly
occurring in childhood or adolescence, and affecting approximately 0.025% to 0.05% of the …

Abstract Narcolepsy type 1 (NT1) and type 2 (NT2), also known as narcolepsy with and
without cataplexy, are sleep disorders that benefited from major scientific advances over the …