Adrenal insufficiency (AI) is a condition characterized by an absolute or relative deficiency of
adrenal cortisol production. Primary AI (PAI) is rare and is caused by direct adrenal failure …

Chronic inflammatory demyelinating polyradiculoneuropathy (CIDP) is a rare and
heterogeneous but treatable immune-mediated neuropathy. Nerve conduction studies are …

Immunoglobulin G4–related disease (IgG4-RD) is a systemic immune-mediated
fibroinflammatory disease. Since its discovery nearly two decades ago, our understanding of …

Background The tendency of IgG4-related disease (IgG4-RD) to form pseudotumors, as well
as its multisystemic nature, makes it the perfect mimicker of many conditions. Moreover …

Neuromyelitis optica spectrum disorder (NMOSD), autoimmune encephalitis (AE),
myasthenia gravis (MG) and Lambert-Eaton myasthenic syndrome (LEMS) are antibody …

Objective Meningeal involvement in Immunoglobulin G (IgG)-4-related disease is rare and
only described in case reports and series. Because a review into the disease is lacking, we …

Chronic inflammatory demyelinating polyneuropathy (CIDP) is a rare autoimmune disorder
characterised by the progressive demyelination of peripheral nerves, resulting in motor and …

Immunoglobulin G4 (IgG4)–related disease (IgG4-RD) is an immune-mediated
fibrosclerosing disease with tumefactive lesions infiltrated by IgG4-positive plasma cells …

Background and Objectives Meningeal inflammation is one of the most common
manifestations of neurosarcoidosis, occurring in 16%–69% of affected patients. While the …

Central diabetes insipidus (CDI) is a rare condition caused by various underlying diseases
including inflammatory and autoimmune diseases, and neoplasms. Obtaining an accurate …