This review summarises the state-of-the-art of lead-based pigment studies, addressing their
production, trade, use and possible alteration. Other issues, such as those related to the …

This article summarises the history of cinnabar, from its first uses in burials to modern oils on
canvas. After a brief introduction on mercury and contamination issues, the article gets to the …

This review is to be considered part of the development of the MEMORI dosimeter, to
evaluate the impact of climate (relative humidity, temperature, illumination, etc., including …

Minerals, as raw structural materials or pigments, play a fundamental role in archaeometry,
for the understanding of nature, structure and status of an artefact or object of interest for …

Fresco wall paintings are one of the oldest artforms in our cultural heritage, dating back to
the second millennium BC. In this work, we carry out a thorough review on the evolution of …

Analytical characterisation of natural earths (ochres, siennas, umbers and green earths) has
been carried out using Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) and scanning electron …

In this paper a combined analytical methodology was employed aiming to explore the
potential of the non-invasive Fiber Optics Diffuse Reflectance Spectroscopy (FORS) …

The remote-sensing technique of spectroscopic imaging has been adapted to the non-
destructive examination of works of art. The principle of near-infrared reflectance …

Twenty‐three paintings by Henrique Pousão—a 19th century Portuguese painter—
belonging to the collection of Museu Nacional Soares dos Reis, Porto, Portugal, were …

Various sources of bibliographic information regarding red lead transformations in artworks
are reviewed. Typical examples of red lead use in mural paintings, either as a pure colour or …