In this Review, we survey recent developments in the emerging field of high-speed variable-
z-focus optical elements, which are driving important innovations in advanced imaging and …

Three-dimensional (3D) displays have been vastly investigated in the past few decades.
Recent development of augmented reality (AR) and virtual reality (VR) has further …

In this paper, a continuous optical zoom microscopy imaging system based on liquid lenses
is proposed. Compared with traditional microscopes, which have discrete magnification …

Microlenses or arrays are key elements in many applications. However, their construction
methods involve multiple fabrication processes, thereby increasing the complexity and cost …

In lens-based display systems, lens aberrations and depth of field (DoF) limitation often lead
to blurring and distortion of reconstructed images; Meanwhile, expanding the display DoF …

This paper proposes a novel dynamic focusing module driven by galvanometers to position
the laser focus with high speed and high precision. Thanks to the extremely high …

The narrow field of view (FOV) has always been one of the most with limitations that drag the
development of holographic three-dimensional (3D) near-eye display (NED). The complex …

Depth of field (DOF) is one of the important parameters of three-dimensional (3D) displays. A
two-dimensional (2D)/3D switchable display that can display both high-resolution 2D …

The representation of three-dimensional volumetric pixels, voxels, is an important issue for
the near-to-eye displays (NEDs) to solve the vergence-accommodation conflict problem …

In this work, an adaptive liquid lens using a novel transparent electrically responsive fluid,
dibutyl adipate (DBA), is demonstrated. The DBA liquid lens with a hemispherical plano …