Tabanids are nuisance pests for people and livestock because of their painful and irritating
bite, persistent biting behavior, and blood ingestion. About 4400 tabanid species have been …

Toxoplasma gondii, Neospora spp., Sarcocystis spp., Hammondia spp. and Besnoitia
besnoiti are genetically related cyst-forming coccidia. Serology is frequently used for the …

Stable flies, Stomoxys calcitrans (L.) are global pests of livestock, companion animals, and
humans. These flies inflict painful bites and cause significant economic losses to producers …

Besnoitia besnoiti infection in cattle is an important emerging protozoan disease in Europe
causing economic losses and severe clinical signs, such as generalized dermatitis, orchitis …

Extracellular trap (ET) formation has been demonstrated as an important novel effector
mechanism of polymorphonuclear neutrophils (PMN), eosinophils, mast cells and …

Neutrophil extracellular traps (NETs) are networks of extracellular chromosomal DNA fibers,
histones, and cytoplasmic granule proteins. The release of NET components from …

Bovine besnoitiosis is caused by the largely unexplored apicomplexan parasite Besnoitia
besnoiti. In cows, infection during pregnancy often results in abortion, and chronically …

Bovine besnoitiosis is caused by the cyst-forming apicomplexan parasite Besnoitia besnoiti.
This disease progresses in two sequential phases: a febrile acute phase with oedemas and …

Besnoitia besnoiti is an obligate intracellular apicomplexan parasite and the causal agent of
bovine besnoitiosis. Bovine besnoitiosis has a considerable economic impact in Africa and …

Professional mononuclear phagocytes such as polymorphonuclear neutrophils (PMN),
monocytes, and macrophages are considered as the first line of defence against invasive …