The pupillary light reflex (PLR) describes the constriction and subsequent dilation of the
pupil in response to light as a result of the antagonistic actions of the iris sphincter and …

Context Although the pupil light reflex has been widely used as a clinical diagnostic tool for
autonomic nervous system dysfunction, there is no systematic review available to …

Pupil size not only varies to changes in illumination but is also modulated by several
cognitive factors, making it a potentially versatile physiological marker of cortical states. We …

The aim of the study was to evaluate the cholinergic deficiency in Alzheimer's (AD) and
Parkinson's disease (PD). For this purpose, pupil size changes and mobility were assessed …

Background Chronic vagus nerve stimulation (VNS) is a recognized treatment for refractory
epilepsy and depression. The vagus nerve projects to several brainstem autonomic …

We evaluated pupil light reflex (PLR) in patients with Parkinson's disease (PD) and normal
controls by means of pupillometry and explored its possible relation to clinical characteristics …

Transcutaneous auricular vagus nerve stimulation (taVNS) is a non-invasive
neuromodulation technique that modulates the noradrenergic activity of the locus coeruleus …

Aims: The aim of the study is to assess pupil size changes and mobility evaluation as a
diagnostic marker in patients with probable Alzheimer's disease (AD). Material and methods …

Odor perception affects physiological and psychological states. Pupillary light reflex (PLR)
parameters can be affected by olfactory stimulation and psychological states, although it …

Background: Around 60%–-75% of myasthenia gravis (MG) patients initially present with
nonspecific ocular symptoms. Failed recognition of these symptoms may delay the diagnosis …