Although most patients with chronic pain are women, the preclinical literature regarding pain
processing and the pathophysiology of chronic pain has historically been derived …

The study of chronic pain continues to generate ever-increasing numbers of publications,
but safe and efficacious treatments for chronic pain remain elusive. Recognition of sex …

The previous decade has seen a rapid increase in microglial studies on pain, with a unique
focus on microgliosis in the spinal cord after nerve injury and neuropathic pain. Numerous …

Astrocytes are critical for maintaining the homeostasis of the CNS. Increasing evidence
suggests that a number of neurological and neuropsychiatric disorders, including chronic …

Ischemic stroke is a leading cause of morbidity and mortality worldwide. Resident microglia
are the principal immune cells of the brain, and the first to respond to the pathophysiological …

Interactions between central glial cells and neurons in the pain circuitry are critical
contributors to the pathogenesis of chronic pain. In the central nervous system (CNS), two …

Although sex dimorphism is increasingly recognized as an important factor in pain, female-
specific pain signaling is not well studied. Here we report that administration of IL-23 …

The lateral parabrachial nucleus (LPBN) is known to relay noxious information to the
amygdala for processing affective responses. However, it is unclear whether the LPBN …

Chronic pain resulting from nerve injury, tissue inflammation, and tumor invasion or
treatment, is a major health problem impacting the quality of life and producing a significant …

Pain is the primary motivation for seeking medical care. Although pain may subside as
inflammation resolves or an injury heals, it is increasingly evident that persistency of the pain …