Amphibian skin is directly exposed to different environments. Amphibians interact with
environmental factors including microorganisms, parasites, predators, and physical factors …

Throughout evolution, numerous proteins have been convergently recruited into the venoms
of various animals, including centipedes, cephalopods, cone snails, fish, insects (several …

Granular glands in the skins of frogs of the genus Rana, a widely distributed group with over
250 species, synthesize and secrete a remarkably diverse array of peptides with …

Amphibians exhibit various, characteristic adaptations related to their “incomplete” shift from
the aquatic to the terrestrial habitat. In particular, the integument was subject to a number of …

Tetrodotoxin (TTX) is widely distributed in marine taxa, however in terrestrial taxa it is limited
to a single class of vertebrates (Amphibia). Tetrodotoxin present in the skin and eggs of TTX …

The proteomes of the venoms of the Brazilian wandering “armed” spiders Phoneutria
nigriventer, Phoneutria reidyi, and Phoneutria keyserlingi, were compared using two …

The northern leopard frog (Rana pipiens or Lithobates pipiens) is historically found in most
of the provinces of Canada and the northern and southwest states of the United States. In …

Antimicrobial peptides (AMPs) constitute part of a broad range of bioactive compounds
present on diverse organisms, including frogs. Peptides, produced in the granular glands of …

Antimicrobial peptides are the backbone of first-line defense against various
microorganisms in the animal kingdom. Thus, not surprisingly, they are gaining attention in …

Screening for new bioactive peptides in South American anurans has been pioneered in
frogs of the genus Phyllomedusa. All frogs of this genus have venomous skin secretions, ie …