Abstract Global Strategy for the Diagnosis, Management, and Prevention of COPD 2018 is a
consensus report published periodically since 2001 by an international panel of health …

Chronic airflow limitation is the common denominator of patients with chronic obstructive
pulmonary disease (COPD). However, it is not possible to predict morbidity and mortality of …

Airway inflammation in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is typically thought to
be driven by Type1 immune responses, while Type2 inflammation appears to be present in …

Rationale The standard of care for patients with acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS)
has been developed based on studies that usually excluded patients with major …

Purpose The GOLD report provides a framework for classifying COPD in a way that reflects
its clinical impact and allows treatment recommendations. The GOLD 2017 proposes a new …

Purpose GOLD guidelines classify COPD patients into A–D groups based on health status
as assessed by COPD Assessment Test (CAT) or mMRC tools and exacerbations and …

Purpose The changes in grading of disease severity and treatment recommendations for
patients with COPD in the 2017 GOLD strategy may present an opportunity for reducing …

Rationale The Global Initiative for Chronic Obstructive Lung Disease (GOLD) 2017 is based
on an ABCD assessment tool of symptoms and exacerbation history and grade 1–4 of …

Objectives The Global Initiative for Chronic Obstructive Lung Disease (GOLD) 2017
classified chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) patients into more and less …

Background This nationwide study was performed to evaluate the evolution of distributions
of patients with COPD according to the 2011 and 2017 Global Initiative for Chronic …