In the absence of an intact interferon (IFN) response, mammals may be susceptible to lethal
viral infection. IFNs are secreted cytokines that activate a signal transduction cascade …

Interferon-stimulated gene (ISG) products take on a number of diverse roles. Collectively,
they are highly effective at resisting and controlling pathogens. In this review, we begin by …

The type I interferon (IFN) response protects cells from viral infection by inducing hundreds
of interferon-stimulated genes (ISGs), some of which encode direct antiviral effectors …

Nitric oxide (NO) and its derivatives play important roles in the physiology and
pathophysiology of the liver. Despite its diverse and complicated roles, certain patterns of …

Highlights•Individual ISGs have measurable phenotypes in vivo.•ISGs control viral
pathogenesis through a variety of mechanisms.•ISG effects in vivo are often virus-specific …

Hepatitis C virus (HCV) is a global public health problem involving chronic infection of the
liver, which can cause liver disease and is linked with liver cancer. Viral innate immune …

The endoplasmic reticulum (ER) is an architecturally diverse organelle that serves as a
membrane source for the replication of multiple viruses. Flaviviruses, including yellow fever …

Long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) play critical roles in diverse cellular processes; however,
their involvement in many critical aspects of the immune response including the interferon …

BACKGROUND. Hepatitis C virus (HCV) infects approximately 170 million people worldwide
and may lead to cirrhosis and hepatocellular carcinoma in chronically infected individuals …

The tripartite motif (TRIM) protein family is a highly conserved group of E3 ligases with 77
members known in the human, most of which consist of a RING-finger domain, one or two B …