What constitutes a habitable planet is a frontier to be explored and requires pushing the
boundaries of our terracentric viewpoint for what we deem to be a habitable environment …

Finding evidence of extraterrestrial life would be one of the most profound scientific
discoveries ever made, advancing humanity into a new epoch of cosmic awareness. The …

Long-standing unexplained Venus atmosphere observations and chemical anomalies point
to unknown chemistry but also leave room for the possibility of life. The unexplained …

Small satellite constellations in multiple-inclination, low-circular orbits around Mars and
Venus have the potential to perform a range of high-value science investigations within cost …

As of mid-2023 at least ten missions are in development or being planned to explore Venus
in the next 2 decades. Most of these emphasize atmospheric chemistry and surface/interior …

For over half a century, scientists have contemplated the potential existence of life within the
clouds of Venus. Unknown chemistry leaves open the possibility that certain regions of the …

Mounting evidence of chemical disequilibria in the Venusian atmosphere has heightened
interest in the search for life within the planet's cloud decks. Balloon systems are currently …

Abstract The Committee on Space Research's (COSPAR) Planetary Protection Policy states
that all types of missions to Venus are classified as Category II, as the planet has significant …

Evidence of chemical disequilibria and other anomalous observations in the Venusian
atmosphere motivate the search for life within the planet's temperate clouds. To find signs of …

Exploring how life is distributed in the universe is an extraordinary interdisciplinary
challenge, but increasingly subject to testable hypotheses. Biology has emerged and …