Ecological engineering of degraded ecosystems often manipulates plants, with positive
outcomes for their restoration or ecosystem services production. The importance of soil biota …

Ecosystems are often modelled as food webs or ecological networks, which map energy
flows between species or functional groups. While there are multiple sources of uncertainty …

Why do so many parasitic worms have complex life-cycles? A complex life-cycle has at least
two hypothesized costs:(i) worms with longer life-cycles, ie more successive hosts, must be …

Oil and gas exploitation introduces toxic contaminants such as hydrocarbons and heavy
metals to the surrounding sediment, resulting in deleterious impacts on marine benthic …

Rising temperatures can enhance foraging activity and accelerate the encounter rate of
different predators, which may increase their interference competition strengths. However …

Predator–prey relationships are not limited to predation. A predator may release chemical
cues that can directly affect the physiology and behavior of prey by fear and intimidation. We …

Predator-prey relationships are not limited to predation. A predator may release chemical
cues that may directly affect the physiology and behavior of a prey by fear and intimidation …

Resistance of anopheline mosquitoes to pyrethroid insecticides is spreading rapidly across
sub-Saharan Africa, diminishing the efficacy of insecticide-treated nets (ITNs)–the primary …