Executive summary Although health outcomes have improved in low-income and middle-
income countries (LMICs) in the past several decades, a new reality is at hand. Changing …

Recent global crises have brought into sharp relief the absolute necessity of resilient health
systems that can recognise and react to societal crises. While such crises focus the global …

Background A common challenge for health sector planning and budgeting has been the
misalignment between policies, technical planning and budgetary allocation; and …

Due to constraints on institutional capacity and financial resources, the road to universal
health coverage (UHC) involves difficult policy choices. To assist with these choices …

Summary Background The Global Burden of Diseases, Injuries, and Risk Factors Study
(GBD) 2016 provided comprehensive estimates of health loss globally. Decision makers in …

Background In 2013, Kenya transitioned into a devolved system of government with a
central government and 47 semi-autonomous county governments. In this paper, we report …

Background: Kenya introduced a free maternity policy in 2013 to address the cost barrier
associated with accessing maternal health services. We carried out a mixed methods …

Public financial management (PFM) processes are a driver of health system efficiency. PFM
happens within the budget cycle which entails budget formulation, execution and …

Background: Budgeting is the process resource allocation to produce the best output
according to the revenue levels involved. Among the constraints that healthcare …

Background How health facilities are financed affects their performance and health system
goals. We examined how health facilities in the public sector are financed in Kenya, within …