Myostatin is a member of the transforming growth factor β superfamily of secreted growth
factors that negatively regulates skeletal muscle size. Mice null for the myostatin gene have …

Skeletal muscle possesses remarkable ability to change its size and force-producing
capacity in response to physiological stimuli. Impairment of the cellular processes that …

Background Obese and lean pig breeds show obvious differences in muscle growth;
however, the molecular mechanism underlying phenotype variation remains unknown …

The integrated roles of small GTPases in executing the transforming growth factor β (TGFβ)
signaling pathway have attracted increasing attention in recent years. In this review, we …

Pulmonary hypoxia is a common complication of chronic lung diseases leading to the
development of pulmonary hypertension. The underlying sustained increase in vascular …

Transforming growth factor β family ligands are neutralized by a number of structurally
divergent antagonists. Follistatin-type antagonists, which include splice variants of follistatin …

Activin, a member of the transforming growth factor β (TGFβ) superfamily, regulates diverse
processes, such as cellular growth and differentiation. There is increasing evidence that …

Activin A is also called immunologic inhibitor-P (1), as a kind of pre-inflammatory factor, it
has attracted more attention in recent years. In particular, activin A is connected with fibrosis …

The clear cell subtype of renal cell carcinoma (RCC) is the most lethal and prevalent cancer
of the urinary system. To investigate the molecular changes associated with malignant …

The research described in this review suggests a novel and important role for activin A in the
developmental and repair processes of the kidney (Table 1). The results obtained in these …