Memory, the ability to retain learned information, is necessary for survival. Thus far,
molecular and cellular investigations of memory formation and storage have mainly focused …

Obesity may be a low-grade systemic inflammatory disease. Overweight and obese children
and adults have elevated serum levels of C-reactive protein, interleukin-6, tumor necrosis …

When administered either systemically or centrally, glucose is a potent enhancer of memory
processes. Measures of glucose levels in extracellular fluid in the rat hippocampus during …

When placed in a T-maze, rats or mice possess a strong tendency of alternating arm choices
on successive trials. The exploration of novel environmental stimuli is dependent on the …

Because of its reliance on memory, the tendency for rats, mice and other animals to alternate
successive choices of T-or Y-maze arms has assumed considerable popularity in …

The present review integrates findings of published studies that have evaluated the
cognitive function of treated and untreated type 2 diabetic patients and provides a detailed …

Behavioral flexibility refers to the ability to shift strategies or response patterns with a change
in environmental contingencies. The frontal lobe and basal ganglia are two brain regions …

Extensive evidence supports the view that cholinergic mechanisms modulate learning and
memory formation. This paper reviews evidence for cholinergic regulation of multiple …

Cognitive deficits associated with frontal lobe dysfunction are a determinant of long-term
disability in schizophrenia and are not effectively treated with available medications. Clinical …

Previous research has identified that glucose administration can enhance cognitive
performance, especially during more intense cognitive processing. There appears to be a …