At present, hybrid electric vehicles are regarded as an effective way to solve global
environmental pollution and energy shortage. Energy management strategy is the core …

Abstract Hybrid Electric Vehicles (HEVs) are facing difficulties in the aspect of splitting the
demand power between various drivetrain components. To negate this issue an efficient …

For plug-in hybrid electric vehicles, the equivalent consumption minimum strategy is typically
regarded as a battery state of charge reference tracking method. Thus, the corresponding …

This paper presents the technological advancements of the electric vehicles (EVs) all over
the world. The first emphasis is on the various types of the EVs along with the energy …

Hybrid electric vehicles (HEVs), as a promising solution to mitigate environmental pollution
and reduce fuel consumption, employ a combination of fuel and electric power as power …

The demand for energy in the world has been growing rapidly. The fast depletion of
available natural resources such as coal and oil leads to the inability of conventional …

With the rapid development of machine learning, deep reinforcement learning (DRL)
algorithms have been widely applied to energy management strategies (EMSs) of hybrid …

In this paper, a fuel cell (FC) hybrid emergency system is presented. It contains fuel cells,
batteries, and supercapacitors which are effective for different conveyance applications …

The power management strategy (PMS) is intimately linked to the fuel economy in the hybrid
electric vehicle (HEV). In this paper, a hybrid power management scheme is proposed; it …

abstract The hybrid electric propulsion system (HEPS) holds clear potential to support the
goal of sustainability in the automobile and aviation industry. As an important part of the …