Given the marked variation in abiotic and biotic conditions between day and night, many
species specialise their physical activity to being diurnal or nocturnal, and it was long …

In 1942, Walls described the concept of a 'nocturnal bottleneck'in placental mammals, where
these species could survive only by avoiding daytime activity during times in which …

Many animals regulate their activity over a 24-h sleep–wake cycle, concentrating their peak
periods of activity to coincide with the hours of daylight, darkness, or twilight, or using …

Limiting similarity theory predicts that competing species must segregate along one or more
dimensions of their ecological niche in order to coexist. In predator communities …

Time as an ecological niche variable or “temporal niche” can be defined in the context of the
most prominent environmental cycles, including the tidal cycle, the lunar day and month, the …

Most processes within organisms, and most interactions between organisms and their
environment, have distinct time profiles. The temporal coordination of such processes is …

The activity patterns exhibited by animals are shaped by evolution, but additionally fine‐
tuned by flexible responses to the environment. Predation risk and resource availability are …

Considerable research is aimed at developing predictions of ecosystem responses to
climate change, focusing on the spatial scale, such as range shifts and contractions, as well …

The existence of a synthetic program of research on what was then termed the “nocturnal
problem” and that we might now call “nighttime ecology” was declared more than 70 years …

Most modern mammals, including strictly diurnal species, exhibit sensory adaptations to
nocturnal activity that are thought to be the result of a prolonged nocturnal phase or …