" In the most widely-accepted minimalist definition, democracy is conceived as a governance
system in which citizens select their representatives through competitive elections and …

This article evaluates the effects of violence related to the operations of drug-trafficking
organizations (DTOs) on electoral competition, defined by the number of electoral …

A growing body of evidence suggests that criminal organizations across the Global South
actively exploit natural resources in the communities where they operate with important …

This paper builds on social network analysis and structural balance theory to analyze, with a
novel approach, some of the unintended consequences of Mexico's kingpin strategy on the …

Mexican cartels lose many members as a result of conflict with other cartels and
incarcerations. Yet, despite their losses, cartels manage to increase violence for years. We …

The 'kingpin'strategy focuses on dismantling criminal groups by apprehending their leaders.
However, existing evidence indicates that removing a criminal leader may lead to a surge in …

While indicators assessing the quality of life often comprise measures of crime or fear of
crime, these components usually refer to property or violent crimes. More complex crimes …

The number of major Drug Trafficking Organizations (known as cartels) in Mexico increased
from four to nine over the last two decades. This was accompanied by an increase in drug …

How does organized crime affect foreign direct investment (FDI) in developing countries?
Some research examines the effects of crime, such as homicide rates, on FDI. However, we …

Background Research has shown the substantial impact on mental health for victims of drug-
related crime in Mexico, especially individuals who have been heavily exposed to violence …