Background Low-income and middle-income countries (LMICs) have difficulties achieving
universal financial protection, which is primordial for universal health coverage. A promising …

Background Nigeria has included a regulated community-based health insurance (CBHI)
model within its National Health Insurance Scheme (NHIS). Uptake to date has been …

Background Health insurance is an important mechanism to prevent financial hardship in
the process of accessing health care. Since the launch of Nigeria's National Health …

Introduction Reliance on out-of-pocket payment for healthcare may lead poor households to
undertake catastrophic health expenditure, and risk-pooling mechanisms have been …

Objective To examine the levels, inequalities and factors associated with health insurance
coverage in Kenya. Methods We analysed secondary data from the Kenya Demographic …

Background: Despite the implementation of the National Health Insurance Scheme (NHIS)
since 2005 in Nigeria, the level of health insurance coverage remains low. The study aims to …

The way a country finances its health care system is a key determinant of the health of its
citizenry. Selection of an adequate and efficient method (s) of financing in addition to …

As the concerns about air pollution have steadily increased, the perception that ships are the
source of pollutants and toxic emissions is also expanding. Thus, the International Maritime …

Background: Out-of-pocket payments for health care services lead to decreased use of
health services and catastrophic health expenditures. To reduce out-of-pocket payments …

Background Many low and middle-income countries are increasingly cognisant of the need
to offer financial protection to its citizens through pre-payment schemes in order to curb high …