The identification of neurological symptoms caused by vitamin A deficiency pointed to a
critical, early developmental role of vitamin A and its metabolite, retinoic acid (RA). The …

Cytochrome P450 (CYP) enzymes are members of the hemoprotein superfamily, and are
involved in the mono-oxygenation reactions of a wide range of endogenous and exogenous …

The enteric nervous system (ENS) of the gastrointestinal tract controls many diverse
functions, including motility and epithelial permeability. Perturbations in ENS development …

An understanding of how mammalian stem cells produce specific neuronal subtypes
remains elusive. Here we show that human embryonic stem cells generated early …

Neuraxial patterning is a continuous process that extends over a protracted period of
development. During gastrulation a crude anteroposterior pattern, detectable by molecular …

Within the last few years, knowledge about vitamins has increased dramatically. This new
edition of a bestseller presents comprehensive summaries that analyze the chemical …

Fibroblast growth factor (FGF) signalling has been implicated during several phases of early
embryogenesis, including the patterning of the embryonic axes, the induction and/or …

Fibroblast growth factors (FGFs) have been implicated in diverse cellular processes
including apoptosis, cell survival, chemotaxis, cell adhesion, migration, differentiation, and …

Fibroblast growth factors (FGF) are secreted molecules which function through the activation
of specific tyrosine kinases receptors, the FGF receptors that transduce the signal by …

Retinoic acid (RA) is a morphogen derived from retinol (vitamin A) that plays important roles
in cell growth, differentiation, and organogenesis. The production of RA from retinol requires …