The eponymous member of the interferon regulatory factor (IRF) family, IRF1, was originally
identified as a nuclear factor that binds and activates the promoters of type I interferon …

Although epidemic jaundice was well known to physicians of antiquity, it is only in recent
years that medical science has begun to unravel the origins of hepatitis A virus (HAV) and …

DNA viruses often persist in the body of their host, becoming latent and recurring many
months or years later. By contrast, most RNA viruses cause acute infections that are cleared …

During viral infections, significant numbers of T cells are activated in a T cell receptor-
independent and cytokine-dependent manner, a phenomenon referred to as “bystander …

Animal viruses are broadly categorized structurally by the presence or absence of an
envelope composed of a lipid-bilayer membrane, attributes that profoundly affect stability …

Hepatitis infection is the leading cause of hepatic failure and a global health problem;
especially in developing regions. Infection with hepatitis causes disorders of liver function …

Hepatitis A virus (HAV), hepatitis B virus (HBV) and hepatitis C virus (HCV) are responsible
for most cases of viral hepatitis. Infection by each type of virus results in a different typical …

MAVS Mitochondrial antiviral signaling protein MMR Measles, mumps and rubella vaccine
MSM Men who have sex with men LAK Lymphokine-activated killer cells NK cells Natural …

The noncoding genome affects gene regulation and disease, yet we lack tools for rapid
identification and manipulation of noncoding elements. We developed a CRISPR screen …

The liver has vital metabolic and clearance functions that involve the uptake of nutrients,
waste products and pathogens from the blood. In addition, its unique immunoregulatory …