Adjuvants are vaccine components that enhance the magnitude, breadth and durability of
the immune response. Following its introduction in the 1920s, alum remained the only …

Dendritic cells have the ability to efficiently present internalized antigens on major
histocompatibility complex (MHC) I molecules. This process is termed cross-presentation …

Circular RNAs (circRNA) represent a distinct class of covalently closed-loop RNA molecules,
which play diverse roles in regulating biological processes and disease states. The …

Although much progress has been made in the understanding of the ontogeny and function
of dendritic cells (DCs), the transcriptional regulation of the lineage commitment and …

Dendritic cell (DC)-mediated cross-presentation of exogenous antigens acquired in the
periphery is critical for the initiation of CD8+ T cell responses. Several DC subsets are …

The challenges in successful vaccination against influenza using conventional approaches
lie in their variable efficacy in different age populations, the antigenic variability of the …

The demand is currently high for new vaccination strategies, particularly to help combat
problematic intracellular pathogens, such as HIV and malarial parasites. In the past decade …

Immune mechanisms have evolved to cope with local entry of microbes acting in a confined
fashion but eventually inducing systemic immune memory. Indeed, in situ delivery of a …

Macrophage and dendritic cell (DC) are hematopoietic cells found in all tissues in the steady
state that share the ability to sample the environment but have distinct function in tissue …

Despite the immense public health successes of immunization over the past century,
effective vaccines are still lacking for globally important pathogens such as human …